Definition:
By definition, Mastoiditis is an infection of the mastoid process, which is that part of the temporal bone of the skull and is located behind the ear.
Diagnosis:
Diagnosis of mastoiditis is normally clinical and based on a physical exam as well as on medical history. More specific diagnosis can be accomplished with a CT scan to show possible abscesses within the bone structures.
Treatment:
The primary treatment for it is using intravenous antibiotics such as Ceftriaxone (Rocephin). A culture test can usually provide more specific treatment. In some cases, surgery such as a myringotomy may have to be performed to complement the medication.
Symptoms and Signs:
Typical symptoms and signs of the infection include pain and tenderness in the mastoid region with visible swelling. There is of course ear pain as well as fever and even headaches can also occur. Babies and infants usually manifest nonspecific symptoms, such as diarrhea, anorexia, and irritability. Drainage from the ears can happen in more serious cases.
Causes:
The cause of mastoiditis is usually a bacterial infection in the middle ear that has been left untreated. The infection attacks the mastoid are cells, which damages the bony structures. The types of bacteria responsible for this range from generic Streptococcus to Staphylococcus aureus. Another cause is an untreated cholesteatoma which can also erode into the mastoid process.
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