Definition:
Meningitis is one of the more common diseases which result from the inflammation of the protective
membranes that the central nervous system, known collectively of course as the meninges from where it
gets its name.
Diagnosis:
Diagnosis can be established with the present symptoms as well as physical examination. Tests can also
be conclusively established with lumbar puncture, CSF analysis, blood tests (electrolytes, liver and kidney
function, inflammatory markers and a complete blood count) and X-ray of the chest.
Treatment:
Once identified, antibiotics must be given even before conclusive results from lumbar puncture or CSF is
out. Additional treatments include usage of corticosteroids to arrest mortality, permanent hearing loss and
possible neurological damage.
Symptoms and Signs:
A severe headache is the most common symptom of the disease and followed by followed by nuchal
rigidity or neck stiffness; this is the classic triad that may confirm meningitis- fever, nuchal rigidity and an
altered mental status. Other symptoms commonly associated with meningitis are photophobia which is
the inability to tolerate bright light, phonophobia (extreme sensitivity to loud noises), irritability and evn
delirium which happens in children and seizures. For infant sufferers, there is swelling of the fontanelle.
Causes:
The main causes can range from bacteria, viruses and other infecting agents, but can also be attributed to
drug reactions, cancer and even traumatic head injuries. Because its proximity to the brain is very close,
the possibility of neurological damage is great; once identified, immediate medical attention is necessary.
The information on this site is for research purposes only and can not substitute for the advice of a medical professional. Ailments.com is not run by doctors and does not engage in the practice of medicine. Our site is not a medical authority, it is just a research tool for you to use in preparation for consulting with a doctor. We can not guarantee our information is accurate or up to date. Even if a statement made about a medical condition is accurate, it may not apply to you or your symptoms, so you should always consult a doctor. Nothing on our site should be construed as an attempt to offer or render a medical opinion or otherwise engage in the practice of medicine.
