Definition:
Nocturnal Enuresis also known as bedwetting is involuntary urination while asleep after the age at which bladder
control would normally be anticipated. Primary Nocturnal Enuresis (PNE) is during a child has not yet stayed dry
on a regular basis. Secondary Nocturnal Enuresis is when a child or adult starts wetting again after having
stayed dry.
Diagnosis:
Diagnosis of nocturnal enuresis is made when involuntary urination regularly occurs during sleep in a person who
is continent while awake. Knowing the cause for the condition requires a detailed medical history and a
comprehensive physical examination.
Treatment:
Treatment ranges from behavioral-based options such as bedwetting alarms, to medication such as hormone
replacement. For several patients, the treatment is aimed at protecting or improving self-esteem. Treatment
guidelines recommend that the physician counsel the parents, warning regarding psychological damage caused by
pressure, shaming, or punishment for condition child cannot control.
Symptoms and Signs:
Sleep arousal disorder (example not awaking in response to sensory signals);
Urinary tract infection (UTI for example: cystitis);
Urethral obstruction (congenital or acquired as a result of trauma or infection)
Causes:
Developmental delay causes most bedwetting, frequently associated with a family history of the condition. Only
small percentages (5% to 10%) of bedwetting cases are caused by specific medical situations.
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