Definition:
Obstetric fistula or vaginal fistula is a severe medical condition in which a fistula (hole) develops between the
rectum and vagina or between the bladder and vagina after severe or failed childbirth, when adequate medical care
is not available.
Diagnosis:
The most important test is microscopic examination of a saline and potassium hydroxide preparation. This will
diagnose more cases of trichomoniasis and candidiasis.
Treatment:
Treatment is available through reconstructive surgery. This surgery for uncomplicated cases has a 90% success
rate, and success rates for more complicated cases are estimated to be 60% successful. Some women are not
considered for this surgery, but can seek out alternative treatment called a urostomy and a bag for the
collection of urine is worn on a daily basis.
Symptoms and Signs:
The resulting disorders typically include incontinence, severe infections and ulcerations of the vaginal tract,
and often paralysis caused by nerve damage. Sufferers from this disorder are usually also subject to severe
social stigma due to odor, perceptions of not being clean, a false assumption of venereal disease and, in some
cases, the inability to have children.
Causes:
Causes for the development of obstetric fistula are sexual abuse and rape, especially within conflict or
post-conflict areas, other surgical trauma, gynecological cancers or other related radiotherapy treatment and,
perhaps the most important, limited or no access to obstetrical care or emergency services.
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