Definition:
Pemphigus Foliaceus is the least severe form of the three varieties of Pemphigus. In this case, the antibodies attack Desmoglein 1 protein which is only found in the upper layer of the skin which is usually a dry layer of the skin. Unlike pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceus is not as painfull and often times misdiagnosed to be dermatitis or sometimes eczema.
Diagnosis:
Pemphigus is easily determined and diagnosed by a dermatologist basing from the extent of the lesions' appareance as well as the distribution. Diagnosis will require examination of skin sample that must be done by a dermatopathologist. The sample is taken from the blister edge which is then prepared for histopathology. It is then examined under the microscope. Definitive diagnosis will also require anti-desmoglein autoantibodies demonstration via a direct immunofluorescence focused on the skin sample. It can also be diagnosed using a sample of the patient's blood sample through the use of the ELISA technique.
Treatment:
In most cases, treatment for Pemphigus is done by administering oral steroids such as prednisone. In severe cases though, intravenous gamma globulin is found to be effective. Some mild cases respond to topical steroids. A powerful cocktail combination of immune suppressant drugs is at times used to halt rapid bronchiolitis obliterans progression. The cocktail includes azathioprine, solumedrol, thalidomide, and ciclosporin. Plasmapheresis can be useful too.
Symptoms and Signs:
Pemphigus foliaceus is manifested by a crusty sores which begins first on the scalp and moves down to the face, the chest, and back.
Causes:
Pemphigus Foliaceus is caused by the anti-bodies actions against the Desmoglein 1 protein.
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