Definition:
Toxic shock syndrome is a rare, life-threatening bacterial infection that has been most often linked with the use of superabsorbent tampons and occasionally with the use of contraceptive sponges.
Diagnosis:
Recent studies have postulated that early and definitive diagnosis can be made by observing the expansion of TSS-1 reactive V beta2-positive T-cell receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Treatment:
The severity of this disease requires hospitalization. Treatment consists of aggressive IV fluid administration and antistaphylococcal antibiotics, like cephalosporins, penicillinase-resistant semisynthetic penicillins or vancomycin.
Symptoms and Signs:
TSS resultant of infection with the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus typically manifests in otherwise healthy individuals with high fever, together with low blood pressure, malaise and confusion, which can rapidly progress to stupor, coma, and multi-organ failure. The characteristic rash, often seen early in the course of illness, is similar to a sunburn, and can involve any region of the body, including the lips, mouth, eyes, palms and soles.
Causes:
Researchers don't know exactly how tampons may lead to toxic shock syndrome. Some believe that when superabsorbent tampons are left in place for a long time, the tampons become a breeding ground for the bacteria.
