Definition:
An intracranial hematoma occurs when a blood vessel ruptures within the brain or between the skull and the brain. The collection of blood (hematoma) compresses the brain tissue.
Diagnosis:
The best method to define the position and size of a hematoma is by imaging techniques, such as computerized tomography (CT) scan) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan.
Treatment:
Options include: Perforation, where, if the blood is localized and isn't clotting excessively, the doctor may create a hole through the skull (perforation) and then remove the liquid by suction; and Craniotomy, where large hematomas may require that a section of the skull be opened (craniotomy) to remove the blood.
Symptoms and Signs:
Signs and symptoms of an intracranial hematoma may occur from immediately to several weeks or longer after a blow to the head. As time progresses, pressure on the brain increases, producing some or all of the following signs and symptoms: headache, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, slurred speech or loss of ability to speak, pupils of unequal size, and weakness in limbs on side of the body.
Causes:
The cause of intracranial bleeding (hemorrhage) is an injury to the head, often as a result of an automobile or motorcycle accident or a seemingly trivial event, such as bumping the head. Mild head trauma is more likely to cause a hematoma if the patient is an older adult.
