Definition:
Lice are tiny, wingless, parasitic insects that feed on the blood. Lice are easily spread — particularly by schoolchildren — through close personal contact and by sharing belongings. Head lice are those that develop on the scalp. They're easiest to see at the nape of the neck and over the ears.
Diagnosis:
The presence of head lice is indicated by repeated itching of the scalp, or by detecting them in one's hair.
Treatment:
Over-the-counter lotions or shampoos (Nix, Rid, others) are generally the first line of defense against head lice. However, if nonprescription products don't kill the lice, the doctor can prescribe a stronger shampoo or lotion, like malathion or lindane.
Symptoms and Signs:
Signs and symptoms of lice include: intense itching; lice on the scalp, the body, clothing, or pubic or other body hair; lice eggs (nits) on hair shafts (nits resemble tiny pussy willow buds and can be mistaken for dandruff, but unlike dandruff, they can't be easily brushed out of hair); and small, red bumps on the scalp, neck and shoulders.
Causes:
One can get lice by coming into contact with either lice or their eggs. Eggs hatch in about a week. Lice can't fly or walk on the ground and they spread by: head-to-head or body-to-body contact; close proximity of stored belongings; sharing items; contact with contaminated furniture; and sexual contact.
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