Definition:
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is also called nodular hyperplasia or benign enlargement of the prostate, benign prostatic hypertrophy. This refers to the condition wherein the prostate, usually of middle-aged men to elderly men, increase in size. The condition is one of a hyperplasia not hypertrophy as previously believed. The prostatic stromal and epithelial cells becomes hyperplastic which then results to the formation of fairly discrete and large nodules of the prostate specifically in the periurethral region. The enlarge nodules then compress the urethral canal and cause obstruction of the urethra either partially or completely, which interferes urination.
Diagnosis:
To diagnose benign prostatic hyperplasia, the physician may do a rectal examination to reveal the enlarged prostate. Blood tests are also performed for differential diagnosis and rule out other conditions like prostatic malignancy. Testicles, kidneys and prostate are also examined using ultrasound.
Treatment:
There is no exact treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia as most are symptomatic addressing specific symptoms only. It may include decreasing intake of fluids especially before bedtime, lesser to moderate alcohol and caffeine intake, and religiously following the timed voiding schedules. There are also some medications given to the patients like Alpha blockers doxazosin, tamsulosin, terazosin, and alfuzosin. Other medications include 5a-reductase inhibitors. Surgery is also one option to take as treatment. Surgery involves removing some part of the prostate via the urethra. Laser therapies are also being studied for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia. There is also another similar technology which is called Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate using the GreenLight laser. Other procedures include Holmium Laser Ablation of the Prostate.
Symptoms and Signs:
Benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms are considered under obstructive or irritative symptoms. It includes incomplete voiding, hesitancy, straining, intermittency, weak urinary stream, frequency of urination, and urgency. Benign Prostate Hyperplasia can progress especially if untreated. Some symptoms may include urinary tract infections, development of urinary bladder stones, and urinary retention.
Causes:
The condition is believed to be associated with aging. The underlying cause though is not yet determined.
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