Definition:
Macular hole is a medical condition affecting the center of the retina in which the vitreous gel inside the eye weakens and eventually separates from the retina, leading to macular traction and causing a hole to form.
Diagnosis:
Common diagnostic tests to determine macular holes include: Amsler gird, visual acuity testing, and an ophthalmoscopy. All of these tests are performed to assess the health and function of the eye's macula. In addition, standard imaging studies may also be done for a closer look of the affected macula.
Treatment:
In some cases, macular holes close spontaneously without any treatment. In most cases, however, it is almost invariably necessary to surgically seal the wall and restore vision on the affected eye. Surgical repair of macular holes involves removing the eye's vitreous gel in a procedure called vitrectomy to eliminate any traction on the macula. A gas bubble is then injected to place a small amount of pressure on the macula and help the help to seal. Vision is typically restored soon after the bubble dissipates.
Symptoms and Signs:
Macular holes commonly begin gradually. Their effects on the central vision depend on the extent and severity of the condition. In general, macular holes may present with: blurred central vision; distorted or wavy vision; reading difficulties; inability to perform tasks that require detailed sight; gray area in central vision; and central blind spot.
Causes:
Holes in the macula may be caused by a number of factors, such as certain diseases, inflammation inside the eye, or certain other diseases. However, macular holes are more commonly associated with the normal wear and tear of the aging process.
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