Definition:
Neurocysticercosis pertains to an infection of the central nervous system caused by the larva of a pork tapeworm known as Taenia solium.
Diagnosis:
Lab tests to determine neurocysticercosis include: enzyme-linked immunotransfer blot assay; HP10 antigen testing; polymerase chain reaction; stool sample analysis; and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Imaging studies such as CT scans and MRIs may also be recommended to show signs of cysts and granuloma. An electroencephalography, lumbar puncture, or brain biopsy may also help in diagnosis.
Treatment:
Neurocysticercosis may be treated with anti-parasitic drugs and anti-inflammatory drugs. In some cases, surgery to relieve the pressure on the brain may be necessary.
Symptoms and Signs:
Common symptoms of neurocysticercosis are: headaches, seizures, lack of attention to surroundings, confusion, balance loss, hydrocephalus or swelling of the brain, and in some cases, sudden death. In addition, neurocysticercosis can cause large cysts to form in the brain.
Causes:
Neurocysticercosis is caused by the larval form (cysticercus) of Taenia solium, a pork tapeworm. Pigs serve as the intermediate hosts, while humans are the definitive hosts of this parasitic organism. The larvae can be acquired by ingestion of Taenia solium ova, which thrive on the feces of infected humans. The disease is more prevalent in developing countries where sanitation is poor.
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