Definition:
Neuropathy is a peripheral nerve disease; i.e. a disorder of the motor, sensory, and autonomic nerves that connect the spinal cord to the skin, muscles, and internal organs.
Diagnosis:
Neuropathy does not pertain to a single disease; but rather, a symptom of a number of potential causes which may be difficult to diagnose. A full medical history, a physical exam, blood tests, and a neurological exam may help in diagnosis. In some cases, a biopsy may also be required.
Treatment:
Most causes of neuropathy improve after appropriate treatment, especially if the underlying condition is first resolved. Medications used to reduce painful symptoms of neuropathy include: pain relievers; anti-seizure medications; lidocaine patch; and antidepressants.
Symptoms and Signs:
In its most common form, peripheral neuropathy presents with pain and numbness in the hands and feet. This pain is usually described as a tingling or burning sensation, while the numbness is often compared to the feeling of wearing gloves or thin stockings. Specific symptoms vary according to the type of nerves that are affected. But in general, symptoms of peripheral neuropathy include: gradual onset of tingling and numbness in feet or hands, which may spread upwards into the legs and arms; burning or sharp electric-like pain; extreme sensitivity to touch; lack of coordination; muscle weakness or paralysis; as well as loss of bowel or bladder control.
Causes:
Peripheral neuropathy can be caused by traumatic injuries, certain infections, exposure to toxins, and metabolic problems. One of the leading causes of neuropathy is diabetes.
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