Definition:
Throat cancer is a type of carcinoma affecting the pharynx (which connects the mouth and the nasal cavity), vocal cords, and/or the larynx or voice box.
Diagnosis:
Throat cancer is usually diagnosed by an otorhinolaryngologist or a head and neck specialist, who will examine the inner and outer neck region for physical manifestations. A biopsy will then be done for more detailed analysis. In addition, computer tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs) scans, ultrasounds, and X-rays may also be recommended.
Treatment:
Throat cancer is treated by destroying the invading cancer cells, usually through surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy. In some cases, surgery may be required to completely remove the tumor as well as the affected vocal cords. If vocal cords are removed, implantation of artificial vocal cords may be done.
Symptoms and Signs:
Early symptoms of throat cancer are relatively generic and may be attributed to other conditions. Some of the common symptoms of throat cancer are: chronic sore throat; speech difficulties; chronic earaches; numbness in the face; enlarged lymph nodes; uncharacteristic hoarseness in the voice; pain when swallowing; and visible sores or lesions appearing on the mouth or tongue.
Causes:
Throat cancer is commonly associated with such risk factors as excessive tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, the presence of chronic acid reflux disease, as well as a family history of the disease.
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