Definition:
Cavernous sinus thrombosis is a condition wherein there is formation of blood clot made up of fibrin and platelets in the brain's cavernous sinus. Cavernous sinus is found at the brain's base and contains several nerves, other structures, and a vein. This vein transports deoxygenated blood from face and brain then back to the heart. Associated conditions are craniocerebral trauma, thrombophilia, and infections of paranasal sinuses and contiguous structures.
Diagnosis:
Diagnosis of the condition is done clinically, combined with imaging studies that help confirm the clinical idea. Tests can also include sinus X-ray, MRI, and CT scan.
Treatment:
The infection is dangerous and needs immediate treatment. Treatment usually includes high-dose intravenous antibiotics, and sometimes surgery to drain its infection.
Symptoms and Signs:
Common symptoms of the condition include drooping eyelids, visual loss, bulging eyes, and inability to shift eye in particular direction. Other symptoms include chemosis, fever, and noticeable periorbital swelling.
Causes:
Cavernous sinus thrombosis is generally caused by the spread of bacterial infection that has reached the sinus, ears, nose, eyes, or face skin. A possible associated bacterium that causes the infection is Staphylococcus aureus, which is the reason for eyelids edema, eyes conjunctivae, and cranial nerves paralysis that course through cavernous sinus.
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