Definition:
Hypertension, HTN or HPN commonly called to as "high blood pressure”. It is a medical problem in which the blood pressure or BP of a person is elevated. A person is considered to be hypertensive if a person's systolic pressure is 140 mmhg and above while the diastolic pressure is 90 mmHg and above. There are two classification of hypertension , the essential or primary hypertension ,indicates that no specific medical factor that can explain the condition. The secondary hypertension indicates the condition of the patient is cause by another disorder.
Diagnosis:
Commonly hypertension can be diagnose through Blood pressure mearement. Blood test also diagnose HPN in checking the Creatinine, Electrolytes , Glucose and cholesterol level. Urine exam to identify protienuria, chest x-ray and electrocardiogram also diagnose.
Treatment:
It can be prevent through Lifestyle modification like regular exercise , low salt diet, have a DASH diet, stop tobacco use and alcohol consumption. Stress reducing therapy. Medications used to decrease hypertension are ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptor antagonists, Alpha blockers, Beta blockers, Calcium channel blockers, Direct renin inhibitors, and Diuretics
Symptoms and Signs:
Commonly HPN is an asymptomatic disorder. Blood pressure measurement is the only sign that indicates if a person is hypertensive. Some patients also shows headache, fatigue, vertigo, blurred vision, tinnitus, anxiety and irritability. Late stage of HPN also called as malignant hypertension or accelerated hypertension with the symptoms of headache and blurred vision associated with somnolence, confusion, and visual disturbances.
Causes:
Etiologic factors for essential hypertension are Liquorice intake, High sodium intake can also trigger high blood pressure. Insulin resistance, sleep apnea, age and genetics also cause elevation of blood pressure.
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