Definition:
Formaldehyde is a highly toxic and flammable gas (when at room temperature). It has an irritating and penetrating odor that may or may not be easily detected. It is more commonly used for formalin solutions. Exposure to and contamination from harmful concentrations of this substance can cause Formaldehyde poisoning.
Diagnosis:
No specific lab diagnostics can detect formaldehyde exposure. The severity of symptoms observed will be the best determinants of the actuality and extent of exposure.
Treatment:
Aspiration of stomach contents may be done, although this may unfortunately cause pneumonitis. As an alternative, dilution of stomach contents through fluid intake may be done. In cases of emergency, oxygen may be administered. Contaminated clothing must be stripped off and contaminated skin must be thoroughly washed.
Symptoms and Signs:
Symptoms of Formaldehyde Poisoning may be in the form of eye, nose, and skin irritations as well as respiratory tract irritations. Inhalation may result in bronchospasm and worse, pulmonary edema.
Metabolic acidosis may be present. Nausea and vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain, gastritis and ulceration, also perforation, can occur.
Causes:
Most exposures to formaldehyde can be through ingestion, inhalation, or through eye and skin contact. Formaldehyde is well absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs, and the skin. Secondary contamination is possible in cases wherein one is exposed to another person's skin or clothing which is already contaminated with formaldehyde solution. Aspartame can also cause formaldehyde poisoning which can damage body organs (liver, kidney, etc.) and tissues.
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