Canine parvovirus is an extremely contagious virus that affects dogs, spreading from dog to dog of any breed through direct and indirect contact with feces. There are two forms of canine parvovirus – cardiac and intestinal. Compared to adult dogs, puppies are more susceptible to the disease.

Diagnosis is made through a CPV test, electron microscopy and hemagglutination test.

Severe cases of canine parvovirus may require hospitalization. Home treatments include intravenous administration of IV fluids to treat dehydration, analgesic medications to reduce intestinal discomfort and blood plasma transfusion to provide passive immunity to dogs with severe conditions.

More than 80% of infected dogs show no symptoms. However, those that show symptoms develop them within 3 to 10 days upon infection. Symptoms include fever, vomiting, lethargy, diarrhea with blood, dehydration and secondary infections. Endotoxemia may also develop when the intestinal lining is compromised. In severe cases, white blood cell levels are reduced and dogs produce a distinct odor. When left untreated, this condition could lead to shock and death.

The disease is caused by parvovirus. Factors such as age, breed, environment, history of infections with parasites, bacteria and canine coronavirus may increase the risk of the disease.